Jaundice in the Newborn: Causes and Treatment
Jaundice in newborns is one of the major concerns of parents after the birth of the little one. This common phenomenon, characterized by yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, can often create panic and anxiety. In this article we will explore what jaundice is, what are its main causes and how it can be effectively treated to ensure the optimal health of your baby.
What Is Jaundice and Why Does It Occur
Jaundice is a clinical condition characterized by the yellow coloring of the skin, sclera and other tissues due to the accumulation of a large amount of bilirubin. This yellow-green pigment is produced by the breakdown of hemoglobin in old red blood cells and is usually processed by the liver.
The Importance of the Liver in Bilirubin Processing
The liver plays a key role in metabolizing bilirubin, removing it from the blood and helping to excrete it through bile into the intestine. In newborns, the liver may not be developed enough to process all the bilirubin efficiently, especially in premature babies. This leads to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood and, implicitly, to the appearance of jaundice.
Types of Jaundice in Newborns
Jaundice in newborns can be classified into two broad categories: physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice. Physiological jaundice appears in most newborns in the first week of life and, as a rule, disappears spontaneously. In contrast, pathological jaundice may indicate a health problem and requires immediate medical attention.
Symptoms of Jaundice
In addition to the obvious yellowing of the skin and eyes, jaundice may be accompanied by other symptoms such as lethargy, difficulty waking up to feed, or deep yellowing of the body. If you notice these symptoms, it is important to contact a pediatrician.
Causes of Jaundice in Newborns
Factors that can cause jaundice include blood group incompatibility between mother and baby, enzyme deficiency and infections. Certain medical conditions of the mother, such as gestational diabetes, can also influence the risk of developing jaundice in the newborn.
Diagnosis of Jaundice
Jaundice is diagnosed by observing clinical signs and confirmed by blood tests that measure the level of bilirubin. Based on these tests, the doctor will determine the type and severity of jaundice.
Treatment of Newborn Jaundice
Physiological jaundice often does not require specific treatment and improves as the baby's liver begins to work more efficiently. In more severe cases, one of the recommended treatments is phototherapy, which helps break down bilirubin into substances that are easy to remove from the body. In extreme situations, blood transfusions can also be used.
Phototherapy: An Effective Method Against Jaundice
Phototherapy involves placing the baby under a special blue light with the eyes shielded to help break down the bilirubin. It is a safe and effective method, frequently used in hospitals and maternity hospitals.
Jaundice Monitoring and Prevention
Unlike physiological jaundice, pathological jaundice can be prevented by careful monitoring of mother and baby before and after birth.
Conclusion
Newborn jaundice is a common condition, but can vary in severity and the need for treatment. The most important thing is to monitor the baby's health and communicate any concerns to the pediatrician. With proper care and medical intervention when necessary, jaundice can be effectively managed, allowing you to enjoy the first few days with your new family member.
So, if you are faced with this problem, we recommend that you talk to your pediatrician about the best methods of monitoring and treatment for your little one.
